Articles
In-depth articles on gums, implants and the links between periodontitis and general health, written from published studies, with their sources cited. Each article separates what is demonstrated from what remains a hypothesis; the texts are reviewed by Dr Hazout.
Gums, periodontitis and lasers
Understanding periodontitis: recognising the signs and how it is diagnosed
Periodontitis is one of the most common chronic diseases, and one of the least noticed. It often progresses without pain, and its first signs look like merely irritated…
Diode and erbium lasers in periodontology: what the studies actually show
Lasers carry an image of modernity that often goes beyond what clinical trials show. This article brings together the main recent systematic reviews on the diode laser,…
Gum care around implants: preventing peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis
An implant cannot decay, but the gum and bone around it can become inflamed and break down, sometimes faster than around a tooth. The two diseases involved, peri-implant…
Implants and bone reconstruction
How is a titanium mesh made by 3D printing?
A custom titanium mesh is made as a single piece, for one patient and one bone defect. Between the scan image and the sterile part used in theatre lie a digital workflow…
Why plan in 3D before a bone graft and an implant?
A conventional X-ray shows bone from the front, like a shadow. It says nothing about its width. Yet width is often what decides whether an implant can stand on its own,…
Gums and general health
Diabetes and periodontitis: understanding a two-way link
Diabetes increases the risk of periodontitis, and periodontitis makes diabetes harder to control. It is the most thoroughly documented relationship between the mouth and…
Periodontitis and diseases of the heart and blood vessels: where does the evidence stand?
People with periodontitis more often have cardiovascular disease. Cardiology and periodontology societies acknowledge this. But they also stress that no trial has yet…
Periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease: a real association, unproven causation
Several large studies, including two cohorts published in 2026, associate periodontitis with a higher risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Other cohorts do not find…
Nutrition, micronutrition and periodontal inflammation: what the evidence shows
Diet influences gum inflammation: a few randomised trials show this, over short periods and with modest effects. The idea that periodontitis contributes to the chronic…
Blood tests and food supplements: what is useful and what is not
A blood test can be useful around periodontitis, but not just any test. And many supplements are marketed 'for the gums' without solid evidence. This article sorts them…